Estate Planning, Probate & Elder Law Attorneys

» 5 Things You Need to Know About the Estate Tax in 2010: #3 (Trust Problems)

An effective estate plan should be flexible enough to accommodate changes in circumstances -- maybe not every change, but many of them. For instance, instead of specifically referencing the estate tax exemption amount when drafted, most well-drafted documents contain a formula based on the exemption amount in effect when the decedent dies. But does your estate plan account for the possibility that there will be NO federal estate tax when you die?

A lot of married couples have what's known as an A-B plan. If one spouse dies, two trusts are created for the survivor:

(A) Family Trust: usually containing an amount equal to the federal estate tax exemption amount at the death of the first to die

(B) Marital Trust: containing everything else owned by the first to die

The goal is no federal estate tax at the death of the first to die. The Family Trust is by definition exempt from federal estate tax, and the Marital Trust qualifies for the marital deduction (so is not subject to federal estate tax). The surviving spouse is the only beneficiary of the Marital Trust; the Family Trust's beneficiaries might be just the surviving spouse, the surviving spouse and kids of first to die, or just the kids of the first to die.

But what happens if there's no estate tax whatsoever? If the above language is used, the Family Trust isn't created (no exemption = no federal estate tax = no Family Trust). So there's just a Marital Trust.

Alternatively, you could draft a trust whereby the Marital Trust contains the "smallest amount that will result in no federal estate tax," and the Family Trust contains everything else. Under that scenario, no Marital Trust is created (the "smallest amount" would be $0). So there's just a Family Trust.

So what's the problem? There may not be one, if we're talking about a traditional nuclear family where the spouse is also the sole beneficiary of the Family Trust. But what if both spouses have children from a prior marriage? In that case, we may have a Family Trust of which the surviving spouse isn't the sole beneficiary (or not a beneficiary at all). And we run the risk, under the above scenarios, of either shortchanging the surviving spouse (no Marital Trust created) or shortchanging the kids (no Family Trust created).

» Web sites deal with digital assets after we die

Karin Prangley, an estate-planning attorney in Chicago, became an expert on post-mortem online assets after experiencing first-hand such complications.

» Estate Tax Limbo: Three Steps To Take Now
The lapse of the federal estate and generation-skipping taxes has created opportunities and pitfalls.

» IRS Workers With Convictions
Tax agency deals with rogue employees engaging in everything from celebrity snooping to extortion.

» The Summer Hours

The Summer Hours is a French film directed by Olivier Assayas (he also directed Irma Vep), and starring Juliette Binoche. It's also one of the few films I've ever seen address how children deal with the loss of their parent. By "deal with," I mean both how they emotionally cope with the loss, and how they try to move forward and dispose of (in this case) their mother's belongings.

The film opens with the mother (75-year-old Hélène) surrounded by her children and grandchildren. She begins to tell her oldest son, Frédéric, how to dispose of her summer home and priceless art collection after her death. Once that death occurs, Frédéric and his siblings (Jérémie and Adrienne, who is played by Ms. Binoche) have to work through what to do in light of what is practical. Can the home be kept in the family? What about the art work? What about the French estate tax?

This isn't a film about huge family disputes -- the children all act like adults, and try to work things out. It IS, however, a beautiful movie about memory, art vs. commerce, and what it means to be a family. Highly recommended.